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His dress, too, was quite simple, affecting only to be clean. Additionally, Attila did not believe that the ways of the Huns could be sustained forever. Priscus said that Attila was in a depressed mood at the banquet and the only person he was happy with was his youngest son, Ernas. Attila was the son of Mundzuk and an unknown mother. Born into a royal family, he and his brother, Bleda, lived a relatively privileged life but still had to learn the traditional ways of the Huns, a nomadic tribe that had migrated to Europe from Central Asia in A.
At some point, he learned how to conduct siege warfare, perhaps from Roman prisoners of war. It was a technique that would prove essential in his campaigns. He was also said to have taken the discovery of a well-crafted sword by a shepherd to be a sign that he had a right to wage war.
The two brothers would start ruling jointly in A. Rua had been campaigning against the eastern half of the Roman Empire, trying to destroy dissident tribes that had fled Hun rule. With his death, the two brothers focused on consolidating the Hun Empire, which stretched across much of central Europe.
While the Huns were at the core of this empire, records indicate that they controlled other groups, such as those dissidents that Rua had been trying to hunt down. The first major military action the two brothers initiated was an attack on the Burgundians, based in France, something which they did in alliance with the Western Roman Empire and their leading general, Aetius, who had obtained his position with the help of the Huns.
The attack on the Burgundians was successful and in A. Again, in concert with Western Roman Empire, they attacked the Goths, but this time suffered a defeat at the city of Toulouse. The defeat forced the Huns to withdraw much of their forces beyond the Danube to lick their wounds. They made a peace deal with the eastern half of the Roman Empire that saw Attila and Bleda be personally paid pounds of gold a year, notes Kelly. Seven hundred pounds of gold a year was a lot of money, but it apparently did not satisfy them for long.
Kelly notes that in A. Roman sources are hazy about what happened there over the next several years, but it seems clear that at some point Attila decided to challenge Bleda for sole power over the empire. The Huns stormed through the Balkans and into Greece, and the Romans finally managed to stop them at Thermopylae, after which the Huns and Romans negotiated another complicated treaty with even harsher terms for the Romans.
In the spring of , Honoria, the ambitious sister of Valentian III, emperor of Western Rome, sent Attila a ring and asked him to help her get out of the impending marriage to a Roman aristocrat her brother was forcing on her.
He claimed her as his newest bride, and half the Western Empire as her dowry. He eventually relented, allowing her to marry the boring Roman aristocrat after all. As they moved through the countryside, leaving slaughter and devastation in their wake, the Romans commanded by General Flavius Aetius, previously on good terms with Attila formed an alliance with King Theodoric I of the Visigoths.
The combined Roman-Goth army confronted Attila in the decisive Battle of Catalaunian Plains, finally defeating the great Hun leader in one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. Theodoric was killed in the clash, while Attila withdrew his forces and subsequently retired from Gaul.
Never one to be easily discouraged, he would invade Italy the following year. Attila himself, Priscus observed, was served separately. Even while pursuing his claim on Honoria, he decided to take yet another wife, a beautiful young woman named Ildico. They married in , just as Attila was preparing another attack on the Eastern Roman Empire and its new emperor, Marcian.
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